Complete 2025 Audit Guide

Professional Audit Services in Turkey: A Complete Guide for Businesses

Whether you are a multinational subsidiary, a domestically listed corporation, or a growing enterprise approaching statutory thresholds, a properly executed audit strengthens credibility, ensures regulatory compliance, and reveals opportunities for operational improvement. Celikel CPA delivers independent audit and assurance engagements aligned with International Standards on Auditing (ISA) and Turkish regulatory requirements.

✓ Licensed CPA Firm Authorized by Turkish Ministry of Finance

✓ Audits Conducted in Accordance with ISA and KGK Standards

✓ Full KVKK (Law No. 6698) and GDPR Data Protection Compliance

Understanding the Turkish Audit Landscape

Auditing in Turkey has evolved significantly since the establishment of the Public Oversight, Accounting and Auditing Standards Authority (KGK) in 2011. Today, independent audits serve as a cornerstone of corporate governance, capital market integrity, and investor confidence across the country. For businesses operating in or entering the Turkish market, understanding when and why audits are required is essential for long-term success.

A well-conducted audit is far more than a regulatory checkbox. It provides management, shareholders, and external stakeholders with an objective evaluation of the accuracy and fairness of financial statements. This independent verification process supports sound decision-making and builds the trust that business relationships depend upon.

Why Audits Matter for Your Business

  • Enhanced Credibility: Audited financial statements carry greater weight with banks, investors, and commercial partners. Lenders frequently require audited financials before extending credit facilities or approving project financing.
  • Regulatory Compliance: Turkish law mandates independent audits for companies exceeding specific size thresholds. Non-compliance can result in administrative sanctions, loss of board liability protections, and reputational damage.
  • Risk Identification: The audit process systematically evaluates internal controls, transaction accuracy, and disclosure completeness, helping identify financial risks before they escalate into material problems.
  • Strategic Insights: Beyond compliance, the management letter issued at the conclusion of an audit often highlights process inefficiencies, control gaps, and areas where operational improvements can generate tangible savings.
  • International Recognition: Audits conducted under ISA and reported in accordance with IFRS-aligned Turkish standards are recognized by international parent companies, foreign regulatory bodies, and cross-border investors.
Professional audit services and financial reporting in Turkey by Celikel CPA

Financial reporting and audit engagement overview in Turkey

The Growing Importance of Audit Culture

Turkey's drive toward greater transparency in corporate governance has expanded the scope of mandatory audits over the past decade. KGK regularly revises the size thresholds, bringing more companies into the audit requirement each year. Forward-thinking businesses opt for voluntary audits even before reaching these thresholds, recognizing the governance and credibility benefits that come with independent assurance.

Regulatory Framework Governing Audits in Turkey

The Turkish audit ecosystem is governed by a well-defined regulatory structure that aligns closely with international best practices. Understanding the key authorities and legal instruments is critical for any business operating in Turkey.

Public Oversight Authority (KGK)

The KGK (Kamu Gozetimi Muhasebe ve Denetim Standartlari Kurumu) is the principal body responsible for setting auditing and accounting standards in Turkey [1]. It authorizes audit firms, oversees audit quality, and adopts ISA-based Turkish Auditing Standards (TDS). All statutory audit engagements must comply with KGK-issued standards.

Turkish Commercial Code (TCC)

The Turkish Commercial Code (Law No. 6102) [2] establishes the legal basis for mandatory independent audits. Articles 397 through 406 of the TCC define which entities are subject to audit, the qualifications required of auditors, and the legal consequences of non-compliance, including potential personal liability for board members.

Capital Markets Board (CMB)

Publicly traded companies listed on Borsa Istanbul are subject to additional audit requirements set by the Capital Markets Board (Sermaye Piyasasi Kurulu). CMB regulations require interim and annual audits, public disclosure of audit reports, and adherence to specific reporting timetables aligned with IFRS.

Banking Regulation and Supervision Agency (BRSA)

Banks, financial leasing companies, factoring firms, and other entities regulated by the BRSA (Bankacilik Duzenleme ve Denetleme Kurumu) are subject to enhanced audit requirements, including specific reporting templates, frequency mandates, and additional disclosures related to capital adequacy and risk management.

Mandatory Audit Thresholds (2025 Council of Ministers Decree)

Companies meeting at least two of the following three criteria for two consecutive fiscal years are required to undergo an independent audit:

Criteria Threshold
Total Assets 75 million TL
Annual Net Revenue 150 million TL
Number of Employees 150+

Important Note on Thresholds

These thresholds are reviewed and updated periodically by the Council of Ministers upon KGK's recommendation. Certain sectors, including banking, insurance, capital markets, and energy, have separate and typically lower thresholds. Companies approaching these limits should begin audit readiness preparations in advance to ensure a smooth transition to mandatory compliance.

Our 8 Essential Audit Services

Celikel CPA provides a comprehensive range of audit and assurance services designed to address the diverse needs of businesses operating in Turkey. Each engagement is tailored to your industry, risk profile, and regulatory obligations.

1. Financial Statement Audit

Our core offering involves the independent examination of your financial statements (balance sheet, income statement, cash flow statement, and notes) to determine whether they present a true and fair view in accordance with the applicable financial reporting framework, whether TAS, BOBI FRS, or full IFRS. The engagement culminates in an auditor's report that provides reasonable assurance to shareholders and third parties.

2. Internal Control Audit

We evaluate the design and operating effectiveness of your internal control environment, including authorization procedures, segregation of duties, IT general controls, and management oversight mechanisms. Our findings are documented in a detailed report that identifies control deficiencies, assesses their severity, and recommends practical remediation steps to strengthen your governance framework.

3. Compliance Audit

A compliance audit assesses whether your operations adhere to the specific laws, regulations, contractual obligations, or internal policies applicable to your business. This is particularly relevant for companies in regulated industries or those with obligations under Turkish tax legislation, labor law, environmental regulations, or sector-specific licensing requirements.

4. Tax Audit

Our tax audit service involves a thorough review of your tax positions, declarations, and supporting documentation to assess compliance with the Tax Procedure Law and related legislation. We examine corporate tax, VAT, withholding tax, stamp duty, and transfer pricing arrangements, identifying exposures and recommending corrective measures before regulatory authorities intervene.

5. ISAE 3402 Audit (SOC Reports)

Service organizations that process transactions on behalf of clients, such as payroll providers, data centers, and financial intermediaries, often need to demonstrate the reliability of their controls. We conduct ISAE 3402 (International Standard on Assurance Engagements) examinations resulting in Type I or Type II SOC reports that your clients and their auditors can rely upon.

6. Special Purpose Audit

When a standard financial statement audit does not fit the requirement, we perform special purpose engagements. These include audits under specific contractual clauses (grant audits, royalty audits), audits of single financial statements or specific elements, and agreed-upon procedures engagements requested by investors, courts, or regulatory bodies.

7. Information Systems Audit

We assess the integrity, security, and reliability of your IT infrastructure as it relates to financial reporting. This includes ERP system controls, database access management, change management procedures, backup and recovery processes, and cybersecurity posture. IT audit findings are critical for supporting the overall financial statement audit opinion.

8. Performance Audit

A performance audit goes beyond financial accuracy to evaluate the economy, efficiency, and effectiveness of your operations. We analyze resource utilization, process throughput, cost structures, and key performance indicators to identify areas where management decisions can yield measurable improvements in productivity and profitability.

Internal control audit and assurance services by Celikel CPA in Turkey

Internal control and assurance engagement process overview

Our Audit Process

Celikel CPA follows a structured, six-phase methodology designed to deliver thorough audit coverage while minimizing disruption to your daily operations. Each phase builds upon the previous one to ensure a comprehensive and efficient engagement.

1

Engagement Planning

We begin by understanding your business model, industry context, organizational structure, and reporting obligations. This phase includes setting the audit scope, establishing materiality thresholds, assembling the engagement team with relevant industry expertise, and agreeing on timelines and deliverables with your management.

2

Risk Assessment

Through inquiries, analytical procedures, and walkthroughs, we identify and assess the risks of material misstatement at both the financial statement and assertion levels. This includes evaluating your internal control environment, understanding key accounting estimates, and mapping risks to specific audit responses.

3

Fieldwork and Evidence Gathering

Our audit team performs substantive testing, tests of controls, and detailed transaction testing across material account balances and transaction classes. Procedures include confirmations with third parties, physical inspections, recalculations, and document examination. We coordinate closely with your finance team to ensure minimal operational disruption during this phase.

4

Analysis and Review

Audit evidence is aggregated, evaluated for sufficiency and appropriateness, and reviewed by senior engagement personnel. Identified misstatements are assessed against materiality thresholds, and findings are discussed with management for potential adjustments before the final report is drafted.

5

Reporting

We issue the independent auditor's report expressing our opinion on the financial statements. Alongside the formal report, a management letter is prepared detailing internal control observations, process improvement recommendations, and any significant matters identified during the engagement. Reports are delivered in Turkish and English as required.

6

Follow-up and Continuous Support

After report issuance, we support your team in addressing audit findings and implementing recommended improvements. For recurring engagements, we conduct a post-audit debrief to refine the approach for the following year, ensuring continuous improvement in both audit efficiency and your internal processes.

Why Choose Celikel CPA for Audit Services?

Choosing the right audit partner is a decision that directly impacts the quality of your financial reporting, the strength of your compliance posture, and the value you derive from the audit process itself. Celikel CPA combines deep local expertise with adherence to international standards, delivering audit engagements that meet the expectations of both Turkish regulators and global stakeholders.

Local Expertise, International Standards

Our team holds professional qualifications recognized under Turkish law (SMMM/YMM) and maintains up-to-date knowledge of KGK auditing standards, Turkish Commercial Code requirements, and Tax Procedure Law provisions. At the same time, our audit methodology aligns with ISA and IFRS, ensuring that engagement outputs are recognized and accepted by international parent companies, foreign investors, and cross-border regulatory bodies.

Bilingual Engagement Team

All audit communications, working papers, and deliverables can be prepared in both Turkish and English. This bilingual capability is essential for foreign-owned subsidiaries, multinational group audits, and companies reporting to English-speaking boards or investors. Our team also supports reporting in additional languages upon request.

Industry Specialization

Effective audits require an understanding of industry-specific risks, accounting practices, and regulatory frameworks. Celikel CPA has developed focused expertise across key sectors of the Turkish economy:

Industry Key Audit Focus Areas
Manufacturing Inventory valuation, cost accounting, fixed asset impairment, production cycle controls
Technology Revenue recognition (SaaS/license models), R&D capitalization, IT general controls
Retail Revenue cut-off, inventory shrinkage, lease accounting (IFRS 16), multi-location controls
Financial Services Expected credit loss provisioning, regulatory capital, fair value measurements, BRSA compliance
Healthcare Revenue cycle audits, pharmaceutical inventory controls, regulatory compliance, patient data privacy
Real Estate Investment property valuation, construction contract accounting, percentage-of-completion methods

Client-Centric Approach

We recognize that an audit should add value beyond the statutory requirement. Our engagement teams maintain open communication throughout the process, provide timely updates on findings, and work collaboratively with your finance department to resolve issues efficiently. Every engagement is overseen by a senior partner who serves as your direct point of contact, ensuring accountability and responsiveness at every stage.

Complementary Services

Audit engagements often reveal areas where additional professional support can strengthen your operations. Celikel CPA offers a full suite of services that integrate seamlessly with our audit practice:

Accounting and Financial Reporting

From statutory bookkeeping to TAS/IFRS-compliant financial statement preparation, our accounting services ensure your financial records are audit-ready at all times, reducing preparation efforts and audit adjustments.

Tax Advisory and Compliance

Our tax services team works alongside our auditors to ensure tax provisions, deferred tax calculations, and transfer pricing documentation are properly supported and defensible under scrutiny.

Company Formation and Structuring

For businesses entering the Turkish market, our company formation services provide end-to-end support from entity selection and registration through to establishing the accounting and governance structures that facilitate clean audits from day one.

Payroll and HR Compliance

Our payroll services ensure that salary calculations, SGK premium declarations, and employment-related liabilities are accurately reflected in your financial statements and withstand audit testing procedures.

Integrated Service Advantage

Engaging Celikel CPA for multiple services creates natural synergies. Our consulting and financial consultancy teams coordinate with our audit professionals to provide a unified perspective on your financial health, compliance status, and growth strategy, all while maintaining the independence required for statutory audit engagements.

References and Legal Sources

The audit standards, regulatory requirements, and legal obligations referenced on this page are grounded in the following official Turkish and international frameworks:

  • [1] Public Oversight, Accounting and Auditing Standards Authority (KGK) - Turkish Auditing Standards (TDS), licensing of audit firms, and quality assurance oversight. Official Portal
  • [2] Turkish Commercial Code (Law No. 6102) - Independent audit requirements (Articles 397-406), financial reporting obligations, and corporate governance provisions. View Legislation
  • [3] International Standards on Auditing (ISA) - Issued by the International Auditing and Assurance Standards Board (IAASB), adopted by KGK as the basis for Turkish Auditing Standards. IAASB Website

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Under the Turkish Commercial Code and related Council of Ministers decrees, companies that meet at least two of three criteria (total assets exceeding 75 million TL, annual net revenue exceeding 150 million TL, or more than 150 employees) for two consecutive fiscal years are subject to mandatory independent audit. Additionally, all publicly traded companies, banks, insurance firms, and certain other regulated entities are required to undergo audits regardless of their size.
Celikel CPA conducts all audit engagements in accordance with Turkish Auditing Standards (TDS) issued by the Public Oversight Authority (KGK), which are based on International Standards on Auditing (ISA) published by the IAASB. For financial reporting, we work with financial statements prepared under TAS (Turkish Accounting Standards), BOBI FRS, or full IFRS, depending on the client's regulatory requirements and reporting framework.
The duration depends on the size and complexity of the entity, the quality of its accounting records, and the scope of the engagement. A financial statement audit for a mid-sized company typically takes four to eight weeks from planning through report issuance. Larger engagements or those involving multiple locations, complex transactions, or first-year audits may require additional time. We establish clear timelines during the planning phase and provide regular progress updates throughout the engagement.
Yes. Our engagement teams are fully bilingual, and all audit deliverables, including the auditor's report, management letter, and working paper summaries, can be prepared in both Turkish and English. This capability is particularly valuable for foreign-owned subsidiaries reporting to international headquarters and for companies whose investors or lenders require English-language audit documentation.
We take a collaborative approach designed to reduce the burden on your team. This begins with a detailed information request list provided well in advance of fieldwork, allowing your staff to prepare documentation ahead of our on-site work. We leverage secure digital portals for document exchange, schedule interviews and walkthroughs at times that suit your team, and maintain a single point of contact to coordinate all requests. Our goal is to complete fieldwork efficiently without interfering with your day-to-day business operations.
A comprehensive information request list is provided during the planning phase, but common items include: trial balance and general ledger extracts, bank reconciliations and confirmation letters, fixed asset registers, accounts receivable and payable aging reports, inventory listings, loan and lease agreements, board minutes and shareholder resolutions, prior year audit report, and tax returns filed during the period. Having these documents organized and accessible significantly accelerates the fieldwork process.
Confidentiality is a foundational principle of our practice. All engagement team members are bound by professional ethical standards, including strict confidentiality obligations under KGK regulations and the IESBA Code of Ethics. We execute non-disclosure agreements (NDA) as standard practice, and all client data is protected under KVKK (Law No. 6698) and GDPR-aligned internal policies. Our systems use encryption for data at rest and in transit, and access to client files is restricted to authorized engagement personnel only.
Audit fees are determined based on several factors, including the size and complexity of the entity, the number of locations and subsidiaries, the quality of internal controls and accounting records, the applicable financial reporting framework, and any specialized testing requirements. We provide a transparent fee proposal after the initial scoping meeting so that there are no surprises. For recurring engagements, fees are reviewed annually and adjusted based on changes in scope or complexity.